What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Shademoderate
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new shoots in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs in early summer, typically June, as day length increases.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing from mid-summer to early autumn.
senescenceFoliage dies back with the first autumn frosts.
dormancyEnters winter dormancy after senescence, remaining dormant through cold months.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist to well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseeds, rhizome_cuttings, division
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingAggressive
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies, other beneficial insects
Can host pestscarrot_rust_fly
Can host diseasespowdery_mildew