What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to part shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarhigh
Pollenhigh
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of seedlings after the last spring frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 100C.
Flowering
Flowering begins in mid-summer as days lengthen and air temperatures are consistently above 180C.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing approximately 30 days after the onset of flowering.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frost.
Dormancy
Plants enter dormancy shortly after the first autumn frost, persisting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 30-60 days
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hummingbirds