What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightmoderate to low
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasslow to medium
Ground_coverdense
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceNew growth emerges in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically begins about a month after emergence and can last for several weeks.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing over approximately one month.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts, though it can remain semi-evergreen in milder climates.
dormancyEnters dormancy or semi-dormancy during winter, triggered by the first autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, division, runners
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestsslugs, snails
Can host diseasescrown_rot, powdery_mildew