What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightpart_shade to shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of leaves in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs approximately 60 days after emergence, typically in late spring to early summer.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing over about 30 days.
senescenceLeaves begin to yellow and die back as days shorten and summer temperatures increase, typically by mid-summer.
dormancyThe plant enters dormancy after senescence, remaining dormant through autumn and winter until the next spring.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed, bulb_division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Repelsslugs, snails, deer, rodents