What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightpart_shade to shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of leaves in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs approximately 60 days after emergence, typically in late spring to early summer.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing over about 30 days.
Senescence
Leaves begin to yellow and die back as days shorten and summer temperatures increase, typically by mid-summer.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy after senescence, remaining dormant through autumn and winter until the next spring.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed, bulb_division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Repelsslugs, snails, deer, rodents