What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering begins approximately 60 days after emergence and can last for about 45 days.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, starting about 30 days after the onset of flowering and lasting for a month.
harvestLeaves can be harvested continuously from about 30 days after emergence for up to 90 days, or until bolting.
senescenceSenescence begins with the first autumn frost, leading to the plant dying back over approximately 30 days.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur, iron
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies