What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
Flowering
Flowering typically occurs in late spring to early summer as days lengthen and temperatures are consistently mild.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over several weeks in mid to late summer.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths, preparing for dormancy.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy in late autumn, persisting through winter as a perennial rootstock.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatesiron
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification recommended for 2-4 weeks
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Can host pestsslugs, snails