What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs in late spring to early summer as days lengthen and temperatures are consistently mild.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over several weeks in mid to late summer.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths, preparing for dormancy.
dormancyEnters dormancy in late autumn, persisting through winter as a perennial rootstock.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatesiron
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification recommended for 2-4 weeks
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Can host pestsslugs, snails
Can host diseasesleaf spot