What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering begins in late spring to early summer, triggered by lengthening days, approximately 60 days after emergence.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seed pods developing about 30 days after the onset of flowering.
senescenceThe plant typically senesces and dies back to the ground with the first autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatescalcium, potassium, sulfur
Soil textureloam, clay, sandy_loam
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist_stratification_required
Self-seedingAggressive
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies