What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Mulch_biomassmedium
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate and seedlings emerge after the last spring frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically begins about 60 days after emergence and can continue for several months with deadheading.
fruitingSeed set and fruit development occur approximately 30 days after flowering begins.
senescencePlants begin to senesce and die back with the first autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hoverflies, beneficial insects
Can host diseasespowdery mildew, rust