What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Fruitedible, astringent
Through the year
Flowering
Flowering occurs in early spring after chill fulfillment and rising temperatures.
Fruiting
Fruit development follows flowering, maturing in late summer to early autumn.
Senescence
Leaves senesce and drop with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after leaf drop, lasting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 60-90 days
Self-seedingLight
Divisionlate winter to early spring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, birds
Can host pestsaphids, scale insects
Can host diseasesfire blight