What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Fruitedible, astringent
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
floweringFlowering occurs in early spring after chill fulfillment and rising temperatures.
fruitingFruit development follows flowering, maturing in late summer to early autumn.
senescenceLeaves senesce and drop with the first autumn frosts.
dormancyEnters dormancy after leaf drop, lasting through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 60-90 days
Self-seedingLight
Divisionlate winter to early spring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, birds
Can host pestsaphids, scale insects
Can host diseasesfire blight