What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Seedsabundant
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 50C.
Flowering
Flowering is initiated by shortening day lengths, typically starting in July and continuing through late summer.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing approximately 30 days after the onset of flowering.
Senescence
Senescence begins with the first autumn frost, leading to the plant's decline.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatesnitrogen, potassium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingAggressive