What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightpart_shade to full_shade
Watermedium to high
Organic_matterrich
↑ Gives back
Ground_coverdense
Organic_matterleaf_litter
Aromatic_compoundsfragrant flowers
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new shoots in early spring after winter chill and the last frost.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in late spring, typically a month after emergence.
Fruiting
Red berries develop in summer after flowering.
Senescence
Foliage dies back in autumn with the first hard frosts.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy over winter after senescence.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Soil textureloam, silt
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsdivision, seed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators (bees)