What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarhigh
Pollenhigh
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate after the last spring frost when soil temperatures are consistently warm.
floweringFlowering typically begins in mid-summer as days begin to shorten, continuing until frost.
senescencePlants die back with the first hard autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~0 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hoverflies, lacewings
Can host pestsaphids, slugs
Can host diseasespowdery mildew