What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new shoots in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5 C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs approximately 60 days after emergence, typically in late spring to early summer.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seed pods developing over about two months.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil texturesandy, loamy
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, root_cuttings
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingLight
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestscabbage white butterfly, flea beetle
Can host diseasesclubroot