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Træ·Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea
Skygge til fuld sol
Sol
Tør til fugtig jord
Vand
Veldrænet jord
Dræning
Ikke registreret
Hårdførhed
Dækning · 90 felter
Ingen åbenlyse uoverensstemmelser fundet.
Vækst og størrelse11 felter
Plantetype
Løvfældende træ“Fagus sylvatica, the European beech or common beech, is a species of tree in the flowering plant family Fagaceae.”PFAF“Fagus sylvatica is a deciduous Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate.”
Højde
3.000 cm · andre kilder: 5.000 cm“Fagus sylvatica is a deciduous Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate.”Wikipedia“Fagus sylvatica is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to 50 metres (160 feet) tall and 3 m (10 ft) trunk diameter, though more typically 25–35 m (82–115 ft) tall and up to 1.5 m (5 ft) trunk diameter.”
Bredde
1.500 cm“Fagus sylvatica is a deciduous Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate.”
Højde ved alder
400 cm efter 10 år“A 10-year-old sapling will stand about 4 m (13 ft) tall.”
Størrelse efter plantning
4 år: 5 m høj, 1 m krone · 12 år: 6 m høj, 3 m krone · 17 år: 9 m høj, 4 m krone · 35 år: 12 m høj, 6 m krone · 74 år: 22 m høj, 12 m krone“Berlin tree register: 4349 trees of this species measured with years since planting, height and crown diameter; median crown 12.0 m and height 22.0 m at 60–100 years after planting (1915 trees).”Median af 4.349 målte træer i Berlin. Årene tælles fra udplantning af planteskoletræer, så et lille træ når hver størrelse senere.
Planteafstand
1.500 cm (mindst 1.000 cm)
AI-estimat55 % enig
Vækstrate
Middel“Fagus sylvatica is a deciduous Tree growing to 30 m (98ft) by 15 m (49ft) at a medium rate.”
Vækstform
—
tomt
Skovhavelag
Kronelag
AI-estimat90 % enig
Levetid
~300 år“Undisturbed, the European beech has a lifespan of 300 years; one tree at the Valle Cervara site was more than 500 years old, the oldest known in the northern hemisphere.”
Rødder6 felter
Rodform
Fladrodet (skiverod)“The root system is shallow, even superficial, with large roots spreading out in all directions.”
Wikipediadelvist
Lagerorgan
Intet“No clonal growth organ is recorded: it does not spread vegetatively (no suckers, no rhizomes).”
Breder sig
Nej“No clonal growth organ is recorded: it does not spread vegetatively (no suckers, no rhizomes).”
Breder sig sideværts i cm
—
tomt
Roddybde i cm
—
tomt
Mykorrhiza
Ektomykorrhiza (EcM)“European beech forms ectomycorrhizas with a range of fungi including many Russula species, as well as Laccaria amethystina, and with the species Ramaria flavosaponaria.”
Lys, vand og jord9 felter
Sol
Fuld sol, let skygge, halvskygge, skygge · bedst: fuld sol“It can grow in full shade (deep woodland) semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade.”
Timer sol
6–12 t
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Tåler vandlidende jord
Nej“On the contrary, it does not thrive on sites that are regularly flooded or which have stagnant water, since it needs good drainage and will not tolerate waterlogged or compacted soils.”
Jordtype
Sand, muld, ler“Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil.”
pH
3,5–8,5 · bedst 5–7“It is not particularly soilsensitive and grows on a wide variety of soils with a pH range from 3.5 to 8.5, although it cannot tolerate the most acidic conditions.”PFAF“Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.”
Dræning
Veldrænet“Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil.”
Komprimeret jord
Tåler det dårligt“it needs good drainage and will not tolerate waterlogged or compacted soils”
Klima5 felter
Hårdførhed
—
tomt
Dræbende frost
—
tomt
Vækst-temperatur
5–30 °C · optimal 10–25 °C
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Kuldetimer
1.000 t
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Hjemsted
—
tomt
Pleje (bliver til opgaver i Manage)5 felter
Beskæring
August“Plants are very tolerant of light pruning however and if this is carried out in late summer the plants will retain their dead leaves over winter.”PFAFdelvist“Plants are very tolerant of light pruning”
Beskyttelse
Efter sidste frost · frost
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Såning
Efter forrige fase
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Beskyttelse
Efter forrige fase · rodents
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Udplantning
Efter sidste frost
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Året rundt4 felter
Spring ud
Styret af daglængden · Når det bliver varmt nok · varer 21 dage“Spring leaf budding by the European beech is triggered by a combination of day length and temperature.”Wikipediadelvist“Bud break each year is from the middle of April to the beginning of May”
Spiselige dele og bestøvning2 felter
Bestøvning
Kræver en partner · enbo“The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind.”
Bestøves af
Vind“The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind.”
Økologi5 felter
Tiltrækker
Dyreliv, caterpillars, squirrels, jays, woodpigeons, woodpeckers“It is noted for attracting wildlife.”PFAF“An important food plant for many caterpillars, it has 64 species of associated insects.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The beech nuts are an important source of food for several animals and birds including squirrels, woodpigeons, woodpeckers and jays; they also play a major part in seed dispersal by hiding the seeds and failing to retrieve all of them.”
Skadedyr
Woolly aphid, large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), short-snouted weevils (Strophosoma melanogrammum, Otiorhynchus scaber), deer, egern“Young beech trees are susceptible to woolly aphid”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is harmful for beech and markedly coexists with part of its natural niche.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“Herbivory by short-snouted weevils (Strophosoma melanogrammum Forst. and Otiorhynchus scaber) is another threat to beech.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The presence of deer is a limiting factor because they eat young stands.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“and gnawing by squirrels and other mammals”
Sygdomme
Biscogniauxia nummularia, Ganoderma applanatum, Phytophthora ramorum“Biscogniauxia nummularia (beech tarcrust) is an ascomycete primary pathogen of beech trees, causing strip-canker and wood rot.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“mature trees can suffer internal rot by the fungus Ganoderma applanatum”JRC skovtræ-atlas“Beech is among the susceptible hosts to Phytophthora ramorum”
Optager
Calcium, kalium
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Fikserer kvælstof
Nej
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Formering og navne3 felter
Metoder
Frø“Seed - the seed has a short viability and is best sown as soon as it is ripe in the autumn in a cold frame.”
Sværhedsgrad
3 / 5
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Frø
requires cold stratification for 3-4 months
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
Ikke sorteret endnu40 felter
Felter som parseren gemmer, men som siden ikke har en række til endnu. De vises her automatisk, så intet er skjult.
ornamental.basis
documented
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
ornamental.fragrance.source
none
AI-estimat100 % enig
ornamental.confidence
high
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
ornamental.fall_interest
true
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
ornamental.evidence_quote
Fagus sylvatica, commonly known as European Beech, has insignificant flowers. Its summer foliage is green, turning to yellow-green and bronze in autumn, providing significant fall interest. The tree offers ornamental bark and an architectural skeleton in winter. It is not noted for any significant fragrance.
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
ornamental.foliage_colour
dark_green“The leaves are typically 10 × 7 cm, dark and shiny green.”
ornamental.foliage_texture
medium
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
ornamental.winter_structure
ornamental_bark, architectural_skeleton
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
ornamental.autumn_foliage_colour
yellow_green, bronze
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
care_regime
light
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
propagation.self_seeding
moderate
AI-estimat20 % enig
propagation.division_season
not applicable
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
propagation.establishment_years
3
AI-estimat40 % enig
size_at_age.v
1
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
size_at_age.basis
years_after_planting
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
spatial_profile.canopy_density
dense
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.biomass_return.confidence
high“Beech furthers soil conservation due to its production of a large quantity of litter (around 900 g/m² per year).”
JRC skovtræ-atlasdelvist
function_profile.nutrient_flows.consumes
[{"basis":"documented","demand":"moderate","nutrient":"nitrogen","confidence":"high"},{"basis":"documented","demand":"moderate","nutrient":"phosphorus","confidence":"high"},{"basis":"documented","demand":"moderate","n…
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.nutrient_flows.provides
[{"basis":"documented","nutrient":"potassium","mechanism":"biomass_return","confidence":"medium","evidence_quote":"Owing to the capacity of its root system for assisting in the circulation of air throughout the soil, …“Owing to the capacity of its root system for assisting in the circulation of air throughout the soil, and the amount of potash in its leaves, Beech trees conserve the productive capacity of the soil better than many other species.”
function_profile.biotic_interactions
[{"taxa":["wildlife"],"basis":"documented","valence":"beneficial","relation":"attracts","confidence":"medium","evidence_quote":"It is noted for attracting wildlife.","organism_group":"wildlife","ecological_function":"…“It is noted for attracting wildlife.”PFAF“An important food plant for many caterpillars, it has 64 species of associated insects.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The beech nuts are an important source of food for several animals and birds including squirrels, woodpigeons, woodpeckers and jays; they also play a major part in seed dispersal by hiding the seeds and failing to retrieve all of them.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“and gnawing by squirrels and other mammals”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The presence of deer is a limiting factor because they eat young stands.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“Young beech trees are susceptible to woolly aphid”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is harmful for beech and markedly coexists with part of its natural niche.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“Herbivory by short-snouted weevils (Strophosoma melanogrammum Forst. and Otiorhynchus scaber) is another threat to beech.”Wikipedia“Biscogniauxia nummularia (beech tarcrust) is an ascomycete primary pathogen of beech trees, causing strip-canker and wood rot.”JRC skovtræ-atlas“mature trees can suffer internal rot by the fungus Ganoderma applanatum”JRC skovtræ-atlas“Beech is among the susceptible hosts to Phytophthora ramorum”
function_profile.aromatic_pest_effect.value
false
AI-estimat80 % enig
function_profile.aromatic_pest_effect.confidence
high
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_shelter.basis
documented
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_shelter.kinds
shade
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_shelter.confidence
high
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_shelter.basis
documented
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_shelter.kinds
frost
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_shelter.stage
establishment
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_shelter.confidence
medium
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_physical_support.form
trunk
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_physical_support.basis
taxonomic
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_physical_support.confidence
high
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_physical_support.basis
taxonomic
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_physical_support.confidence
high
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
climate_tolerance.photoperiod_response
day_neutral
AI-estimatikke målt endnu
soil_interactions.organic_matter_contribution
high“Beech furthers soil conservation due to its production of a large quantity of litter (around 900 g/m² per year).”
component_metadata.growth_cycle
perennial
AI-estimat100 % enig
resource_interfaces.inputs
[{"resource":"water","quantity_description":"humid atmosphere with precipitation well distributed throughout the year and a well-drained soil"},{"resource":"shade","quantity_description":"tolerates very shady situatio…“beech requires a humid atmosphere with precipitation well distributed throughout the year and a well-drained soil”JRC skovtræ-atlas“It tolerates very shady situations (it is the most shade-tolerant broadleaved tree in its range)”
resource_interfaces.outputs
[{"resource":"shade","quantity_description":"heavy canopy casting dense shade"},{"resource":"leaf_litter","quantity_description":"around 900 g/m² per year"},{"resource":"seeds","quantity_description":"beechnuts eaten …“Trees have a heavy canopy and cast a dense shade”JRC skovtræ-atlas“Beech furthers soil conservation due to its production of a large quantity of litter (around 900 g/m² per year).”JRC skovtræ-atlas“The beech nuts are an important source of food for several animals and birds including squirrels, woodpigeons, woodpeckers and jays; they also play a major part in seed dispersal by hiding the seeds and failing to retrieve all of them.”Wikipedia“The trees are used for timber, such as the making of furniture.”PFAFdelvist“It is noted for attracting wildlife.”PFAFdelvist“A dynamic accumulator gathering minerals or nutrients from the soil and storing them in a more bioavailable form - used as fertilizer or to improve mulch.”