What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering begins in late spring to early summer, triggered by lengthening days and rising air temperatures above 10°C, continuing for several months.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seed pods developing and maturing over the summer.
senescenceSenescence occurs with the first autumn frosts and shortening days, leading to dieback of aerial parts.
dormancyThe plant enters dormancy in winter, triggered by freezing temperatures and the first autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnone
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies, butterflies
Can host pestsflea beetles, cabbage worms