What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 50C.
Flowering
Flowering begins in late spring to early summer, triggered by lengthening days and rising air temperatures above 100C, continuing for several months.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seed pods developing and maturing over the summer.
Senescence
Senescence occurs with the first autumn frosts and shortening days, leading to dieback of aerial parts.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy in winter, triggered by freezing temperatures and the first autumn frosts.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatessulfur
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies, butterflies
Can host pestsflea beetles, cabbage worms