What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 100C.
Flowering
Flowering typically begins about 60 days after emergence and can last for up to 3 months.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frost.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after senescence, lasting through winter until spring.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 30-60 days
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, beneficial insects, birds
Can host diseasesaster yellows, powdery mildew