What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Wind_shelterhabitat for birds and small mammals
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceNew growth emerges after the last spring frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowers appear approximately one month after emergence, typically in late spring to early summer.
fruitingFruits develop and ripen over summer, maturing about two months after flowering.
senescenceLeaves begin to senesce and drop with the onset of the first autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, suckers
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 2-3 months
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, birds, small mammals