KENPEI · CC BY-SA 3.0
Cabbage
Plant·Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Part shade to full sun
Sun
Moist soil
Water
Well-drained soil
Drainage
Not recorded
Hardiness
Coverage · 96 fields
No obvious inconsistencies found.
Growth and size10 fields
Plant type
Plant
AI estimate100 % agree
Height
80 cm“Brassica oleracea capitata is a BIENNIAL growing to 0.8 m (2ft 7in) at a medium rate.”
Spread
90 cm
AI estimate58 % agree
Height at age
—
empty
Spacing
61 cm (at least 30 cm)“Growers normally place plants 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 in) apart.”
Growth rate
Medium“Brassica oleracea capitata is a BIENNIAL growing to 0.8 m (2ft 7in) at a medium rate.”
Habit
—
empty
Root depth
Shallow“The root pattern is flat with shallow roots forming a plate near the soil surface”
Forest garden layer
Herb layer
AI estimate90 % agree
Lifespan
~2 years
AI estimatenot measured yet
Roots6 fields
Storage organ
None“It does not multiply vegetatively: it has no rhizomes, runners, suckers or offspring bulbs or tubers.”
Spreads
No“It does not multiply vegetatively: it has no rhizomes, runners, suckers or offspring bulbs or tubers.”
Lateral spread in cm
—
empty
Root depth in cm
Typical 30 cm · Deepest 200 cm“some lateral roots can penetrate up to 2 m (6+1⁄2 ft) deep”Wikipedia“About 90% of the root mass is in the upper 20–30 cm (8–12 in) of soil”
Mycorrhiza
Non-mycorrhizal
AI estimatenot measured yet
Light, water and soil9 fields
Sun
Hours of sun
6–8 h
AI estimatenot measured yet
Drought tolerant
—
empty
Tolerates waterlogging
—
empty
Soil type
Sand, loam, clay · best: clay“Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil.”PFAF“Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil.”PFAFpartly“Prefers a heavy soil and a cool moist climate.”
pH
4.3–8.3 · best 6–6.8“Tolerates a pH in the range 4.3 to 8.3.”Wikipedia“Different varieties prefer different soil types, ranging from lighter sand to heavier clay, but all prefer fertile ground with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8.”PFAF“Suitable pH: mildly acid, neutral and basic (mildly alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils.”
Compacted soil
Copes badly
AI estimatenot measured yet
Climate5 fields
Hardiness
—
empty
Killing frost
—
empty
Growing temperature
5–25 °C · optimal 15–20 °C
AI estimatenot measured yet
Chill hours
0 h
AI estimatenot measured yet
Native range
—
empty
Care (becomes tasks in Manage)6 fields
Sowing
March · lasts 183 days“Seed - this can be sown from early spring to late summer in a seedbed outdoors, depending on the cultivar.”
PFAFpartly
Planting out
After the last frost“This is planted out in early to mid-spring as the weather allows and can be harvested in late spring and early summer.”
Watering
June · lasts 90 days
AI estimatenot measured yet
Feeding
After the previous stage · 30 days after · a balanced fertiliser
AI estimatenot measured yet
Protection
May · lasts 120 days · insects
AI estimatenot measured yet
Starting indoors
January · lasts 59 days“Seed of fast-growing summer cabbages can also be sown in a greenhouse in January/February in order to provide an early crop.”
PFAFpartly
Through the year4 fields
Flowering
May · lasts 122 days“It is in flower from May to August, and the seeds ripen from July to September.”
Harvest
After the previous stage · 70 days after · lasts 50 days“Early varieties of cabbage take about 70 days from planting to reach maturity, while late varieties take about 120 days.”
Leafing out
Above 20 °C · lasts 2 days“Seedlings typically emerge in about 4–6 days from seeds planted 13 mm (1⁄2 in) deep at a soil temperature between 20 and 30 °C (68 and 86 °F).”
Edible parts and pollination4 fields
Ecology5 fields
Attracts
Bees, insects, butterflies“The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees.”Wikipedia“Self-pollination is impossible, and plants are cross-pollinated by insects.”PFAF“Special Features:Attractive foliage, Not North American native, Attracts butterflies, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms.”
Pests
Cabbage worms, aphids, flea beetles, cabbage loopers, harlequin bugs, root-knot nematodes, cabbage maggots, harlequin cabbage bugs, thrips, striped flea beetles, caterpillars, delia platura (seedcorn maggot), pieris rapae (small cabbage white), plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth), phaedon cochleariae (mustard leaf beetle), trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)“Pests include root-knot nematodes and cabbage maggots, which produce stunted and wilted plants with yellow leaves”Wikipedia“harlequin cabbage bugs, which cause white and yellow leaves”Wikipedia“thrips, which lead to leaves with white-bronze spots”Wikipedia“striped flea beetles, which riddle leaves with small holes”Wikipedia“caterpillars, which leave behind large, ragged holes in leaves”Wikipedia“Delia platura, or the seedcorn maggot, is also a known pest of cabbage.”Wikipedia“The caterpillar stage of the "small cabbage white butterfly" (Pieris rapae), commonly known in the United States as the "imported cabbage worm", is a major cabbage pest in most countries.”Wikipedia“The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) thrive in the higher summer temperatures of continental Europe, where they cause considerable damage to cabbage crops.”Wikipedia“The mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae), is a common pest of cabbage plants.”Wikipedia“The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is infamous in North America for its voracious appetite and for producing frass that contaminates plants.”
Diseases
Downy mildew, rhizoctonia solani (wirestem), fusarium yellows, leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg), alternaria brassicae, alternaria brassicicola, xanthomonas campestris (black rot), plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot), peronospora parasitica (downy mildew)“The plant can grow in partial shade, but care must be taken to provide sufficient ventilation, as this reduces the prevalence of downy mildew.”Wikipedia“Rhizoctonia solani causes the post-emergence disease wirestem, resulting in killed seedlings”Wikipedia“Fusarium yellows, which result in stunted and twisted plants with yellow leaves”Wikipedia“blackleg (see Leptosphaeria maculans), which leads to sunken areas on stems and gray-brown spotted leaves”Wikipedia“The fungi Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola cause dark leaf spots in affected plants.”Wikipedia“One of the most common bacterial diseases to affect cabbage is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris, which causes chlorotic and necrotic lesions that start at the leaf margins, and wilting of plants.”Wikipedia“Clubroot, caused by the soilborne slime mold-like organism Plasmodiophora brassicae, results in swollen, club-like roots.”Wikipedia“Downy mildew, a parasitic disease caused by the oomycete Peronospora parasitica, produces pale leaves with white, brownish or olive mildew on the lower leaf surfaces”
Takes up
Sulfur, calcium, potassium
AI estimatenot measured yet
Fixes nitrogen
No
AI estimatenot measured yet
Propagation and names4 fields
Methods
Seed - sow April in situ., Cuttings root very easily at almost any time in the growing season[K]., seed“Seed - sow April in situ.”PFAF“Cuttings root very easily at almost any time in the growing season[K].”PFAF“Seed - this can be sown from early spring to late summer in a seedbed outdoors, depending on the cultivar.”
Difficulty
1 / 5
AI estimatenot measured yet
Seed
none
AI estimatenot measured yet
Not sorted yet43 fields
Fields the parser stores that this page has no row for yet. They show up here automatically, so nothing is hidden.
forage.DK.local_name
hovedkaal
AI estimatenot measured yet
forage.DK.prep_cautions
Many people find that the raw leaves give them indigestion“Many people find that the raw leaves give them indigestion[K].”
forage.DK.edibility_basis
inferred
AI estimatenot measured yet
forage.DK.foraging_months.year_round
true“By careful selection of cultivars, it is possible to harvest cabbages all year round[K].”
forage.US.edible_parts
[{"part":"Leaves","caution":null,"preparation":"raw or cooked"},{"part":"Seed","caution":null,"preparation":"sprouted and added to salads"}]“Leaves - raw or cooked.”PFAF“Seeds - sprouted and added to salads.”
forage.US.prep_cautions
Many people find that the raw leaves give them indigestion“Many people find that the raw leaves give them indigestion[K].”
forage.US.edibility_basis
inferred
AI estimatenot measured yet
forage.US.foraging_months.year_round
true“By careful selection of cultivars, it is possible to harvest cabbages all year round[K].”
ornamental.basis
documented
AI estimatenot measured yet
ornamental.fragrance.source
none
AI estimate100 % agree
ornamental.fragrance.intensity
subtle
AI estimatenot measured yet
ornamental.confidence
high
AI estimatenot measured yet
ornamental.fall_interest
false
AI estimatenot measured yet
ornamental.flower_colour
ornamental.evidence_quote
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) typically produces yellow flowers. Its foliage is green to blue-green and it does not exhibit significant autumn foliage color change. It has a medium foliage texture. There is no notable fall interest or winter structure, and it is not known for fragrance.
AI estimatenot measured yet
ornamental.foliage_colour
ornamental.foliage_texture
medium“Wild Brassica oleracea is a tall biennial or perennial plant that forms a stout rosette of large leaves in its first year.”
Wikipediapartly
ornamental.winter_structure
none“In its second year, a woody spike grows up to 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall, from which branch off stems with long clusters of four-petaled yellow flowers.”
Wikipediapartly
ornamental.autumn_foliage_colour
none
AI estimatenot measured yet
care_regime
light
AI estimatenot measured yet
propagation.self_seeding
light
AI estimate20 % agree
propagation.establishment_years
0
AI estimate40 % agree
spatial_profile.canopy_density
dense
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.biomass_return.confidence
high“A dynamic accumulator gathering minerals or nutrients from the soil and storing them in a more bioavailable form - used as fertilizer or to improve mulch.”
function_profile.nutrient_flows.consumes
[{"basis":"documented","demand":"high","nutrient":"nitrogen","confidence":"medium","evidence_quote":"The plant is tolerant of a variety of soil conditions between pH 6.0 and 7.5, but grows particularly well in alkalin…“The plant is tolerant of a variety of soil conditions between pH 6.0 and 7.5, but grows particularly well in alkaline soils in full sunlight, with good drainage and high amounts of nitrogen.”
function_profile.nutrient_flows.provides
[{"basis":"inferred","nutrient":"sulfur","mechanism":"biomass_return","confidence":"low"},{"basis":"inferred","nutrient":"calcium","mechanism":"biomass_return","confidence":"low"},{"basis":"inferred","nutrient":"potas…“A dynamic accumulator gathering minerals or nutrients from the soil and storing them in a more bioavailable form - used as fertilizer or to improve mulch.”
PFAFpartly
function_profile.biotic_interactions
[{"taxa":["bees"],"basis":"documented","valence":"beneficial","relation":"attracts","confidence":"high","evidence_quote":"The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees.","org…“The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees.”Wikipedia“Self-pollination is impossible, and plants are cross-pollinated by insects.”PFAF“Special Features:Attractive foliage, Not North American native, Attracts butterflies, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms.”Wikipedia“Pests include root-knot nematodes and cabbage maggots, which produce stunted and wilted plants with yellow leaves”Wikipedia“aphids, which induce stunted plants with curled and yellow leaves”Wikipedia“harlequin cabbage bugs, which cause white and yellow leaves”Wikipedia“thrips, which lead to leaves with white-bronze spots”Wikipedia“striped flea beetles, which riddle leaves with small holes”Wikipedia“caterpillars, which leave behind large, ragged holes in leaves”Wikipedia“Delia platura, or the seedcorn maggot, is also a known pest of cabbage.”Wikipedia“The caterpillar stage of the "small cabbage white butterfly" (Pieris rapae), commonly known in the United States as the "imported cabbage worm", is a major cabbage pest in most countries.”Wikipedia“The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) thrive in the higher summer temperatures of continental Europe, where they cause considerable damage to cabbage crops.”Wikipedia“The mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon cochleariae), is a common pest of cabbage plants.”Wikipedia“The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is infamous in North America for its voracious appetite and for producing frass that contaminates plants.”Wikipedia“Rhizoctonia solani causes the post-emergence disease wirestem, resulting in killed seedlings”Wikipedia“Fusarium yellows, which result in stunted and twisted plants with yellow leaves”Wikipedia“blackleg (see Leptosphaeria maculans), which leads to sunken areas on stems and gray-brown spotted leaves”Wikipedia“The fungi Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola cause dark leaf spots in affected plants.”Wikipedia“One of the most common bacterial diseases to affect cabbage is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris, which causes chlorotic and necrotic lesions that start at the leaf margins, and wilting of plants.”Wikipedia“Clubroot, caused by the soilborne slime mold-like organism Plasmodiophora brassicae, results in swollen, club-like roots.”Wikipedia“Downy mildew, a parasitic disease caused by the oomycete Peronospora parasitica, produces pale leaves with white, brownish or olive mildew on the lower leaf surfaces”
function_profile.aromatic_pest_effect.value
false
AI estimate80 % agree
function_profile.aromatic_pest_effect.confidence
high
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_shelter.basis
inferred
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_shelter.confidence
low
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_shelter.basis
inferred
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_shelter.confidence
medium
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_physical_support.basis
inferred
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.provides_physical_support.confidence
low
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_physical_support.basis
taxonomic
AI estimatenot measured yet
function_profile.structural_interfaces.requires_physical_support.confidence
high
AI estimatenot measured yet
climate_tolerance.photoperiod_response
long_day
AI estimatenot measured yet
soil_interactions.organic_matter_contribution
medium
AI estimatenot measured yet
component_metadata.growth_cycle
biennial“Brassica oleracea is a BIENNIAL/PERENNIAL growing to 1.2 m (4ft).”
PFAFpartly
resource_interfaces.inputs
[{"resource":"light","quantity_description":"full sun"},{"resource":"water","quantity_description":"moist soil"},{"resource":"space","quantity_description":"30 to 61 cm apart"}]“Succeeds in full sun in a well-drained fertile preferably alkaline soil.”PFAF“It prefers moist soil.”Wikipedia“Growers normally place plants 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 in) apart.”
resource_interfaces.outputs
[{"resource":"pollinator_services","quantity_description":"attracts butterflies"},{"resource":"seeds","quantity_description":"seeds ripen July to September"}]“Special Features:Attractive foliage, Not North American native, Attracts butterflies, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms.”PFAF“It is in flower from May to August, and the seeds ripen from July to September.”