What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Shadedense
Mulch_biomassmedium to high
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceBud break and leaf emergence typically occur after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs shortly after leaf emergence, typically within 2-3 weeks.
fruitingFruiting (seed development) begins after flowering and continues through summer, with seeds maturing in late summer to early autumn.
senescenceLeaves turn golden yellow in autumn, triggered by shortening days and the first autumn frosts, before abscission.
dormancyThe tree enters dormancy after leaf drop, lasting through winter until spring conditions return.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Soil textureloam, sand, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~3 yr
Stratificationcold stratification required for 60-90 days
Divisionnot applicable