What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightprefers partial shade to full shade
Waterprefers consistently moist soil
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmoderate ground cover
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when temperatures consistently rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs from April to June, triggered by lengthening days.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing approximately 30 days after the onset of flowering.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts and shortening days, though it can remain semi-evergreen in mild climates.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist to poorly drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingAggressive
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees