What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate to low
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium to high
Shadelight to medium
Pollinator_servicesattracts various pollinators
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Bud break and leaf emergence typically occur after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 5°C.
Flowering
Flowering usually follows leaf emergence by about two weeks, occurring in early spring.
Fruiting
Fruits develop over the summer, maturing from late summer to early autumn.
Harvest
Harvest typically occurs in September and October when berries are fully ripe.
Senescence
Leaves begin to senesce and drop with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths.
Dormancy
The plant enters full dormancy shortly after leaf drop, lasting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, suckers
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 2-3 months
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, birds