What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomasshigh
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in mid-summer, typically from July to August, triggered by lengthening days.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after senescence, typically lasting through winter until spring.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 4-6 weeks
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, beneficial insects