What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs in mid-summer, typically from July to August, triggered by lengthening days.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
dormancyEnters dormancy after senescence, typically lasting through winter until spring.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 4-6 weeks
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, beneficial insects