What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of shoots in spring after the last frost and soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering typically occurs about 60 days after emergence.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with tubers developing underground.
Senescence
Foliage dies back with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after senescence, overwintering as tubers.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, tuber_division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, pollinators