What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium to high
Shadelight
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new shoots in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5 C.
Flowering
Flowering typically occurs about two months after emergence, lasting for approximately 6 weeks.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over about a month.
Harvest
Leaves can be harvested from late spring through summer, about a month after emergence.
Senescence
Foliage dies back with the first autumn frosts, preparing for dormancy.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy after senescence, lasting through winter until spring.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, beneficial insects