What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Nectarabundant
Pollenmoderate
Mulch_biomassmedium
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
floweringFlowering typically begins in early summer and can continue for several weeks.
fruitingBerries develop after flowering and ripen through late summer and early autumn.
senescenceLeaves begin to senesce and drop with the onset of autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, layering
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 2-3 months
Self-seedingLight
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, moths, butterflies, hummingbirds
Can host pestsaphids, honeysuckle sawfly
Can host diseasespowdery mildew