What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Nectarabundant
Pollenmoderate
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Flowering
Flowering typically begins in early summer and can continue for several weeks.
Fruiting
Berries develop after flowering and ripen through late summer and early autumn.
Senescence
Leaves begin to senesce and drop with the onset of autumn frosts.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, layering
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 2-3 months
Self-seedingLight
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, moths, butterflies, hummingbirds
Can host pestsaphids, honeysuckle sawfly
Can host diseasespowdery mildew