What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering begins approximately 60 days after emergence, triggered by lengthening photoperiods.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, typically starting 30 days after the onset of flowering.
senescenceSenescence occurs with the first autumn frost and shortening day lengths.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification recommended for improved germination
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, beneficial insects