What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
Flowering
Flowering begins approximately 60 days after emergence, triggered by lengthening photoperiods.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, typically starting 30 days after the onset of flowering.
Senescence
Senescence occurs with the first autumn frost and shortening day lengths.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, beneficial insects