What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomasshigh
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence occurs when soil temperatures reach at least 50C.
Flowering
Flowering typically begins about 60 days after emergence and lasts for approximately 45 days.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, starting about 30 days after the onset of flowering and continuing for 60 days.
Harvest
Harvest occurs approximately 60 days after the start of fruiting, over a period of 30 days.
Senescence
Senescence is triggered by the first autumn frost, leading to plant dieback over about 30 days.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Soil texturesandy, loamy
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Can host pestsaphids, lupin weevil
Can host diseasesanthracnose, fusarium wilt