What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoist to wet conditions
↑ Gives back
Biomassmoderate
Shadelight
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new shoots in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in mid-summer, typically from July to August, triggered by lengthening days.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing approximately 30 days after the onset of flowering.
Senescence
Above-ground parts die back with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after the first autumn frosts, overwintering as rhizomes.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagepoorly drained to wet
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, manganese
Soil textureloam, clay, silt
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, rhizome_division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring