What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures are consistently above 100C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in mid to late summer, triggered by lengthening days and warm air temperatures.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing in late summer to early autumn.
Senescence
Foliage dies back with the first hard autumn frost.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after the first autumn frost, persisting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_fall
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, hummingbirds
Can host diseasespowdery mildew