What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoist to wet conditions
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 5C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in early spring, typically April, as days lengthen.
Fruiting
Fruits develop after flowering, maturing over summer.
Senescence
Leaves begin to senesce and drop with the first autumn frosts and shortening days.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after senescence, lasting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagepoor to moderate
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil texturesandy, loamy, peaty
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators
Repelsinsects