What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightpartial shade to full sun
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Pollenattracts pollinators
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs about 60 days after emergence, lasting for approximately 6 weeks.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing over about a month.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts, leading to dormancy.
dormancyEnters dormancy after the first autumn frosts, remaining dormant through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies, butterflies