What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Seedsabundant
Nectarmoderate
Pollenmoderate
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs about 60 days after emergence, lasting for approximately 6 weeks.
fruitingFruit (seed capsules) develop within a month after flowering and mature over 30 days.
senescencePlants begin to senesce and die back with the arrival of the first autumn frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterLow
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingAggressive
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hoverflies
Can host diseasesdowny mildew