What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
↑ Gives back
Companions
Through the year
Emergence
Seeds germinate and seedlings emerge after the last spring frost when soil temperatures are consistently above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering typically occurs in the second year, initiated by lengthening days, approximately 90 days after emergence.
Fruiting
Fruits (seeds) develop after flowering, maturing over about 45 days.
Harvest
Roots are typically harvested in late autumn after the first frost, which sweetens them, or from mid-summer onwards for smaller roots.
Dormancy
Plants enter dormancy with the onset of the first autumn frosts, overwintering as roots.
Senescence
Foliage dies back after the first hard autumn frosts, signaling the end of the growing season for the aerial parts.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).