What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightpart_shade to shade
Waterconsistently moist to wet
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium to high
Shadedense ground cover
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new shoots in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs shortly after emergence, typically in early to mid-spring.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing by late spring to early summer.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after senescence, remaining dormant through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagepoor to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division, rhizome_cuttings
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Can host pestsslugs, snails