What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Shadedense
Leaf_litterhigh
Fruithigh
Companions
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceBud break and leaf emergence typically occur after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 10°C.
floweringFlowering occurs shortly after leaf emergence, typically within a week.
fruitingAcorns develop over the summer, maturing in late summer to early autumn.
senescenceLeaves change color and senesce with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths.
dormancyEnters dormancy after leaf drop, persisting through winter until chill requirements are met and spring temperatures rise.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescalcium, potassium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~3 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 60-90 days
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractssquirrels, deer, birds, various insects
Can host pestsgypsy_moth, oak_wilt, two-lined_chestnut_borer
Can host diseasesoak_wilt, anthracnose