What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate to high
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasshigh
Fruitedible berries
Nectarabundant
Pollenabundant
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceNew shoots emerge after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs about 60 days after emergence, lasting for approximately 6 weeks.
fruitingFruits develop and ripen following flowering, usually over a two-month period.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the onset of the first autumn frosts.
dormancyPlants enter dormancy after senescence, triggered by consistent freezing temperatures in autumn and winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, clay, sandy_loam
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division, layering
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification for 90-120 days
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies, birds, mammals
Can host pestsraspberry cane borer, Japanese beetle, aphids, spider mites
Can host diseasesanthracnose, cane blight, rust, verticillium wilt