What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Berriesedible fruit
Through the year
Emergence
New shoots emerge after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering typically begins about a month after emergence, coinciding with lengthening days in late spring.
Fruiting
Fruits develop and ripen approximately one month after flowering, continuing through early to mid-summer.
Senescence
Foliage begins to senesce with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths.
Dormancy
Plants enter dormancy shortly after the first autumn frosts, remaining dormant through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy loam, clay loam
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionlate_winter_early_spring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, hummingbirds, birds, mammals
Can host pestsaphids, spider mites
Can host diseasesrust, powdery mildew