What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Shadelow
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5 C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in late spring to early summer as day length increases, approximately 60 days after emergence.
Senescence
Senescence begins with the first autumn frost and shortening days, leading to dormancy.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, iron
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Can host pestsaphids, slugs
Can host diseasesrust, downy_mildew