What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowering typically occurs about 60 days after emergence, extending through late spring to early summer.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over a period of two months.
Senescence
Foliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after senescence, lasting through winter until spring.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Can host pestsaphids, slugs