What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically occurs about 60 days after emergence, extending through late spring to early summer.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over a period of two months.
senescenceFoliage begins to die back with the first autumn frosts.
dormancyEnters dormancy after senescence, lasting through winter until spring.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification recommended
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Can host pestsaphids, slugs