What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightmoderate to high
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium to high
Fruitedible for wildlife, some human consumption
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceNew growth emerges after the last spring frost and consistent mild temperatures.
floweringFlowers appear in late spring to early summer, typically 4-6 weeks after emergence.
fruitingBerries develop and ripen through mid to late summer, following flowering.
senescenceLeaves begin to yellow and drop with the first autumn frosts and shortening days.
dormancyThe plant enters dormancy after leaf senescence, lasting through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained-to-moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescalcium, potassium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam, clay_loam
Organic matterHigh
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionautumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, birds, mammals
Can host pestsaphids, elderberry_borer
Can host diseasespowdery_mildew, cankers