What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Biomasslow to medium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Through the year
Emergence
Emerges in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowers in late spring to early summer, triggered by lengthening days and air temperatures above 150C.
Fruiting
Fruits develop approximately 30 days after flowering begins.
Senescence
Foliage dies back with the first autumn frost.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescalcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies