What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomasslow to medium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmerges in early spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures rise above 5°C.
floweringFlowers in late spring to early summer, triggered by lengthening days and air temperatures above 15°C.
fruitingFruits develop approximately 30 days after flowering begins.
senescenceFoliage dies back with the first autumn frost.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescalcium, magnesium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies