What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoderate
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassedible root and leaves
Nectarattracts pollinators
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence occurs after the last spring frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering typically begins in early summer as day length increases, approximately 90 days after emergence.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing over about 45 days.
harvestRoots are typically harvested in late autumn, usually in October, after the first frosts have sweetened them.
senescenceFoliage dies back with the first hard autumn frosts.
dormancyPlants enter dormancy after the first autumn frosts, overwintering as roots.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium, magnesium
Soil texturesandy_loam, loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationnot_required
Self-seedingLight
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies
Can host diseaseswhite rust