What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoist to wet conditions
↑ Gives back
Biomassmoderate
Nectarattracts pollinators
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 50C.
Flowering
Flowering occurs in summer as days lengthen and air temperatures are consistently above 150C.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, typically maturing within 30-45 days.
Senescence
Senescence begins with the first autumn frost and shortening day lengths, leading to dormancy.
Dormancy
Enters dormancy after the first autumn frost, persisting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagepoor to moderate
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, division, cuttings
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies