What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Shadelight
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceNew growth emerges after the last spring frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs approximately 30 days after emergence, typically in late spring.
fruitingFruits develop and ripen over summer, starting about 60 days after flowering.
harvestBerries are typically ready for harvest from late summer through early autumn.
senescenceLeaves begin to senesce and drop with the first autumn frost.
dormancyThe plant enters dormancy shortly after the first autumn frost and remains dormant through winter.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingYes
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatesnitrogen
Soil texturesandy, loamy, clay
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, suckers
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 90-120 days
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, birds