What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Watermoist, well-drained soil
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmoderate
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceEmergence of new growth in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures consistently reach 5°C.
floweringFlowering occurs in mid-summer, typically from July to August, triggered by lengthening photoperiods.
fruitingFruiting follows flowering, with seeds maturing from late summer to early autumn.
harvestRoots are typically harvested in late autumn after the first frosts, which can improve flavor.
dormancyPlants enter dormancy with the first autumn frosts and consistently cold temperatures.
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium
Soil textureloam, silt
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold_moist
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators