What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Through the year
Emergence
New growth emerges after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowers appear approximately 60 days after emergence, typically in early to mid-summer.
Fruiting
Fruits develop about 30 days after flowering and persist through late summer into autumn.
Senescence
Foliage begins to senesce with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths, turning yellow before dropping.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist but well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, division
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification required for 60-90 days
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring or autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies