What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium
↑ Gives back
Biomassmoderate
Through the year
Emergence
Emergence of seedlings typically occurs after the last spring frost when soil temperatures consistently reach 50C.
Flowering
Flowering is initiated by lengthening photoperiods, occurring approximately 90 days after emergence.
Fruiting
Fruiting follows flowering, with seeds developing over about 45 days.
Senescence
Senescence begins with the first autumn frost, leading to the dying back of foliage.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, calcium
Soil textureloam, sandy_loam
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceLow
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty2 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Self-seedingModerate
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, butterflies