What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Lightfull sun to partial shade
Waterlow to medium
↑ Gives back
Mulch_biomassmedium
Nectarattracts pollinators
Through the year
Through the year
JFMAMJJASOND
emergenceSeeds germinate in spring after the last frost and when soil temperatures are consistently above 10°C.
floweringFlowering occurs in summer, typically 3-4 months after emergence, triggered by lengthening days.
senescenceThe plant dies back to a rosette in autumn with the first hard frosts.
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalNo
Accumulatespotassium, magnesium, sulfur
Soil texturesandy, loamy, gravelly
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceHigh
Propagation
Methodsseed
Difficulty1 / 5
Establishes in~1 yr
Stratificationcold stratification recommended for improved germination
Self-seedingAggressive
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbees, moths
Can host pestsmullein bug (Campylomma verbasci)