What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Berriesedible for wildlife and humans
Through the year
Emergence
New leaves emerge shortly after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 5°C.
Flowering
Flowers typically appear about a month after leaf emergence.
Fruiting
Fruits begin to develop after flowering and ripen over several weeks.
Harvest
Fruits are typically ready for harvest from late summer into early autumn.
Senescence
Leaves begin to change color and senesce as days shorten and before the first hard autumn frost.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy with the onset of the first autumn frost, lasting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagemoist to well-drained
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatescalcium, potassium
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseed, cuttings, layering
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for 3-4 months
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring or autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractsbirds, pollinators, wildlife
Can host diseasesViburnum leaf beetle