What it needs & gives back
↓ Needs
Sunlightfull sun to partial shade
Watermedium to high
↑ Gives back
Biomassmedium
Shademedium
Through the year
Emergence
New leaves emerge after the last spring frost and when air temperatures consistently rise above 50C.
Flowering
Flowers appear approximately 45 days after emergence, typically in late spring to early summer.
Fruiting
Berries develop after flowering, ripening from late summer into autumn.
Senescence
Leaves change color and drop with the first autumn frosts and shortening day lengths.
Dormancy
The plant enters dormancy shortly after leaf drop, lasting through winter.
Timing is relative to your local season (temperate Northern Hemisphere).
Soil interactions
Drainagewell-drained to moist
Nitrogen fixingNo
MycorrhizalYes
Accumulatespotassium, phosphorus
Soil textureloam, clay, sand
Organic matterMedium
Compaction toleranceMedium
Propagation
Methodsseeds, cuttings, layering
Difficulty3 / 5
Establishes in~2 yr
Stratificationrequires cold stratification for germination
Self-seedingModerate
Divisionspring_or_autumn
Wildlife & pests
Attractspollinators, birds
Can host pestsaphids, viburnum leaf beetle
Can host diseasespowdery mildew, leaf spot